UK leisure airline Jet2 is investing in a sustainable aviation fuel production facility that will provide the carrier with 200 million litres over a 15-year period. The Fulcrum NorthPoint facility is being developed by California-based Fulcrum BioEnergy in northwestern England, and will use waste-to-fuels technology to turn non-recyclable household refuse into 100 million litres of SAF annually. Production is set to begin in 2027 and consume 600,000 tonnes of non-recyclable household waste annually. Fulcrum's technology has already been deployed at its first commercial-scale facility in the US state of Nevada. The project received £16.8 million ($20.2 million) from the UK Department for Transport's Advanced Fuels Fund earlier this year, Fulcrum notes. Jet2 has not revealed how much it is investing in the project. Each Airbus A321neo, soon to be the most-common aircraft in Jet2’s fleet, can hold around 12,900 litres of fuel, according to the manufacturer, implying that the agreement is equivalent to around 86 fully refuelled aircraft per month. "The announcement means that Jet2.com, the UK's third-largest airline, will receive a significant volume of SAF produced at the plant once in operation," the carrier states. "The SAF is expected to achieve net emissions reductions totalling around 400,000 tonnes of CO2 for Jet2.com over the 15-year period of the agreement." SAF will be delivered directly to Manchester airport using the existing jet fuel pipework infrastructure, rather than being transported via the road network. It is forecast to achieve lifecycle emissions reductions of around 70% compared with conventional aviation fuel, potentially even becoming carbon-neutral in the future. "This significant investment into Fulcrum NorthPoint's Sustainable Aviation Fuel production in the UK shows not only how seriously we take that responsibility, but also how committed we are to taking tangible actions to address it," states Jet2 chief executive Steve Heapy. "Not only will this action help to lower our climate impacts, but it represents a major step forward in our transition to net zero too."

The European Union's Clean Aviation joint undertaking is providing €100 million ($110 million) in research funding to mature engine technology for CFM International's RISE open-fan demonstrator programme. Safran – CFM's joint owner, alongside GE Aerospace – will lead the European R&D programme, dubbed OFELIA (open fan for environmental low impact of aviation), which involves a further 26 partners across the region, including Airbus, GE's Italian subsidiary Avio Aero, GKN Aerospace and French aerospace research lab ONERA. "OFELIA’s objective is to demonstrate the benefits of an open-fan architecture in terms of efficiency, to address the needs of a future generation of short- and medium-range aircraft around 2035," Safran states. Airbus's planned zero-emission aircraft is scheduled to enter service in 2035. Last year, the European airframer and CFM disclosed a plan to separately trial open-rotor and hydrogen-combustion demonstrator engines on a modified A380 test aircraft by the end of 2026. One of CFM's objectives with its RISE (revolutionary innovation for sustainable engines) programme is to mature powerplant technology compatible for both 100% sustainable aviation fuel and hydrogen. CFM targets a 20% fuel saving versus its current Leap series, which powers Boeing 737 Max jets and, as options, Airbus's A320neo family and Comac C919. Under the OFELIA programme, Safran and its partners intend to mature, to technology readiness Level 5, a range of fan, low/high-pressure gas turbine and hybridisation systems for the planned flight demonstrator. Safran says the programme will specifically address whirl flutter, the engine's unducted fan (previously shown to comprise a single rotor stage and second static vane stage); low- and high-pressure compressor aerodynamics; and LP turbine, fan gearbox propulsion and hybrid-electric technology. More than 20 tests will be conducted through the partnership, Safran notes. Airbus's role will be to prepare a preliminary dossier for the A380 flight tests. "The open-fan architecture is the major innovation of our CFM RISE technology demonstration programme with GE Aerospace and stands as a key driver to improve next-generation engine's efficiency," states Michel Brioude, executive vice-president engineering and R&T of Safran's engine division. The French aerospace group highlights that it is exploring several ways of reducing aircraft emissions and cites its participation in the Avio Aero-led Clean Aviation project HYDEA, to develop hydrogen-combustion engine technology. Clean Aviation executive director Axel Krein describes OFELIA as one of 20 "daring projects that are researching innovative solutions to power the next generation of sustainable aircraft". He states: "Together with the European Union, European aviation has the power to lead the way towards a climate-neutral aviation system and set new global standards for safe, reliable, affordable and clean air transport."

As most Western lessors turn to insurers to recover the value of aircraft that remain in Russia, at least one has raised concerns about what may be possible if aircraft overflying the country are forced to divert there in an emergency. Speaking during an engine leasing panel discussion at the recent Airline Economics Growth Frontiers event in Tokyo, Clover Aviation Capital executive director and chief technical officer Gareth Delany noted that there has been "an increase in overflight" of Russia from non-European and non-US carriers, which have verified that they are still covered by insurance and not breaching sanctions. However there was still uncertainty about how an emergency landing in Russia, and any subsequent repairs, may be handled in a sanctions-compliant manner. "When you get onto the topic of what happens in an emergency and you have to land in Russia, what are you going to do with those [aircraft]? Some of the airlines to whom this is quite new may not have such detailed plans in place because there is an IATA approved flight path over Russia." By extension, aircraft and engine lessors could face major risks to their assets if the operator be unable to contract with Russian maintenance providers to repair a stricken aircraft due to sanctions compliance. "I would love to know, when your engine is hitching a ride on someone's aircraft, you could be in a lot of risk there from an engine leasing perspective," Delany said. Similar issues have occurred in other sanctioned jurisdictions, such as when a Norwegian Boeing 737 Max 8 flying from Dubai to Oslo was forced to make an emergency landing at Shiraz in Iran due to an engine issue. The aircraft remained in Shiraz for around six weeks until US authorities granted an exemption for a replacement CFM International Leap-1B engine to be flown in, with the aircraft ferrying out to Oslo soon after it was repaired. More broadly, during the same discussion Ascend by Cirium's global head of consultancy, Rob Morris, commented that concerns from lessors about the impact of Russia's sanctions are largely "done" from an operational perspective, with most now working through insurance claims for their aircraft stuck there. He did note however that it has sharpened some lessors' focus on how they manage their jurisdictional risk. "It makes people think differently about risk, but frankly this is a global industry and if you want to be a global player you have to be in every market," he says.