A five nation Joint Investigation Team (JIT), consisting of investigators from the Netherlands, Ukraine, Malaysia, Australia and Belgium, have concluded that the surface-to-air missile (SAM) that caused Malaysia Airlines Flight MH-17 to crash, was launched from Russian controlled territory in Eastern Ukraine. The investigation, which has been ongoing since the July 2014 crash that killed all 298 occupants on board, found that a Russian-built BUK SAM System was used to launch the missile that downed the Boeing 777 aircraft. The official report into the crash released by the Dutch Safety board in October 2015 concluded that a BUK warhead detonated outside of the aircrafts’ cockpit, ejecting high energy fragments into the aircraft and subsequently causing an in-flight breakup.

The findings from the JIT report utilised radar tracking and satellite imagery to determine the origin of the missile. Additional evidence included over 150,000 intercepted phone and radio calls, and social media messages between Russian backed rebels operating within the Crimean region. Photos also emerged of a BUK Missile transport truck being driven back across the Russian and Ukrainian border shortly after the crash with one of its missiles absent. A missile exhaust cone and stabilizing fin was also recovered from the debris field, which were found to belong to a BUK missile.

The JIT reportedly cited plans to present its official findings as a criminal case in the coming months, to either a federal court or tribunal. The Russian Foreign Ministry has refuted the findings, reportedly stating the investigation to be biased and shifting blame onto Ukraine.

The Pakistani Civil Aviation Authority (PkCAA) issued a Notice to Airmen (NOTAM) prohibiting all Indian carriers from operated below an altitude of 29,000 feet. The flights restrictions are applicable to the airspace above Lahore and Karachi and will reportedly remain in place for thirteen days. No official announcement regarding the reasoning for the restriction has been made, however sources have suggested it may be due to the increased military exercises that are being conducted in the region. In September 2016, India reportedly stated it was reviewing and revising its Bilateral Air Services Agreement (BASA) with Pakistan, which was last altered in 2002, that ultimately led to both nations banning each other from their respective airspace.

The United States Department of Treasury has granted approval for major aircraft manufacturers, Airbus and Boeing, to begin the sale of aircraft to Iran. Following Iran’s plans to modernise its aviation industry, over 100 Boeing and Airbus aircraft will be delivered to the nation’s state carrier Iran Air in a sale reportedly worth over USD$25 Billion. Deliveries are expected to commence in early 2017 and continue on through to 2025.